iti 18 April 2025

πŸ–₯️ Computer Hardware Basics and Software Installation

πŸ“˜ Introduction

Understanding computer hardware and how to install software is essential for every ITI student. This module introduces the basic hardware components of a computer and guides students through the steps of installing various types of software.

πŸ”§ Basic Hardware Components of a Computer

  • 1. CPU (Central Processing Unit): The brain of the computer where processing is done.
  • 2. RAM (Random Access Memory): Temporary memory used for running applications.
  • 3. Motherboard: The main circuit board that connects all components.
  • 4. Hard Disk Drive / SSD: Permanent storage for software, files, and the operating system.
  • 5. Power Supply Unit (PSU): Converts electricity to power the components.
  • 6. Monitor: Visual output device.
  • 7. Keyboard & Mouse: Input devices used for interaction.
  • 8. Cabinet / Case: Enclosure that holds and protects the hardware.

πŸ”Œ Input and Output Devices

  • Input Devices: Keyboard, Mouse, Scanner, Webcam, Microphone.
  • Output Devices: Monitor, Printer, Speaker, Projector.

πŸ“₯ Software Types

  • System Software: Operating System (e.g., Windows, Linux)
  • Application Software: MS Office, Browsers, Photoshop, etc.
  • Utility Software: Antivirus, Disk Cleanup tools, etc.

βš™οΈ Software Installation Steps

πŸ“‚ Installing Software from a CD/DVD or USB

  1. Insert the installation media (CD/DVD or USB).
  2. Open File Explorer and navigate to the drive.
  3. Double-click the setup.exe or installer file.
  4. Follow the installation wizard step-by-step.
  5. Agree to terms and conditions and click Next.
  6. Choose installation path or use default settings.
  7. Click Install and wait for the process to complete.
  8. Click Finish and restart the computer if required.

🌐 Installing Software from the Internet

  1. Visit the official website of the software.
  2. Download the latest installer.
  3. Follow the same steps as above to install.

πŸ”„ Uninstalling Software

  1. Go to Control Panel > Programs > Programs and Features.
  2. Select the program to uninstall.
  3. Click Uninstall and follow instructions.

πŸ§ͺ Practical Activities

  • Identify and label hardware components inside a desktop.
  • Install software like MS Office or VLC Media Player.
  • Practice installing software from a USB drive and from the internet.
  • Uninstall unused programs from a system.

πŸ’‘ Safety and Tips

  • Always scan external devices for viruses before use.
  • Download software only from trusted sources.
  • Keep the system updated to avoid security issues.
  • Use an antivirus software to protect against malware.

πŸ“Œ Summary

  • Computer hardware includes physical components like CPU, RAM, motherboard, etc.
  • Software can be system, application, or utility types.
  • Software installation involves following simple steps using an installer file.
  • Knowing how to install and uninstall software is a basic but crucial IT skill.